Muhammad Alif Razi, Gerald Ensang Timuda, Deni Shidqi Khaerudin, Ni Putu Ratna, Ayu Krishantia, Andri Pramesyanti Pramono, Luciasih Agustini, Wahyu Ramadhan, Safrina Dyah Hardiningtyas, Maya Ismayati, Novitri Hastuti.
Abstract
In contrast to zinc oxide (ZnO), the antibacterial potential of zinc hydroxyacetate (Zn-HA) remains unexplored. In this study, we fabricated alginate/TEMPO-oxidized nanocellulose (AT) hydrogels containing three types of zinc particles (Zn Ps): Zn HA, Zn-N (ZnO nanoparticles), and Zn-C (commercial ZnO). The antibacterial efficacy of these hydrogels was assessed and compared. The integration of Zn Ps into AT hydrogels was achieved through a facile method, forming composite hydrogels with layered three-dimensional structures. Adding Zn Ps reduced the hydrogels’ mechanical properties and swelling ability. The antibacterial activities of the Zn and hydrogels were evaluated using the disc diffusion method. Surprisingly, Zn-HA exhibited significantly stronger antibacterial efficacy against both E.Coli and S. aureus, with the zone of inhibition (ZOI) ranging from 11 mm to 19.7 mm compared to Zn-C and Zn-N (Z)I of 8.3 -9.3 mm). This improved antibacterial activity might be attributed to the higher release of Zn2+ from Zn-HA (7.5 mg/100 mL compared to 0.8 and 1.2 mg /100 mL), as evidenced by the zinc dissolution study. The antibacterial activity of the AT hydrogels was significantly enhanced by including Zn-HA but not Zn-C or Zn-N. All hydrogels exhibited mild toxicity to human skin fibroblast. In Summary, our findings challenge the expectation that ZnO (Zn-C and Zn-N) would have better antibacterial properties due to their smaller particle sizes than Zn-HA microparticles. Additionally, our results indicate that converting Zn-HA to ZnO is unnecessary to impart antibacterial properties to the hydrogels. Thus, AT hydrogels containing Zn-HA ( ATZ-HA) can potentially be used as an advanced antibacterial material, possibly for use in wound dressing
Journal of Cluster Science (2024) 35:1889–1902
